Testing Promising Cancer Screens

A urine-based test that detects possible bladder cancer could offer a less-invasive alternative to some existing tests, but a high sensitivity result alone does not establish that it is ready for widespread use. Explain how to evaluate such a screening or diagnostic test: consider false positives and false negatives, the population studied, confirmatory testing, cost, access, and effects on patient outcomes. What evidence should clinicians and health systems require before adopting it?