Energy Sovereignty and Resilience

Analyze the concept of technological sovereignty in critical energy infrastructure. Identify policy instruments (domestic R&D, localization, supply-chain diversification, sovereign procurement) and assess their impact on reliability, cost, and external dependencies. Compare how different sectors (e.g., hydropower, wind, solar, storage) are governed to reduce vulnerability to external shocks. Propose a framework for balancing private sector incentives with public interest, including risk management, governance, and long-term strategic trade-offs.