Targeted Fiscal Growth

Analyze how targeted government spending and policy incentives—such as sector-specific subsidies, infrastructure investments in high-potential industries, and selective tax incentives—affect long-run GDP growth, income distribution, and resilience to economic shocks. Compare at least three mechanisms (discretionary stimulus, automatic stabilizers, and targeted incentives), assess trade-offs, performance metrics, and governance challenges, and propose a framework for evaluating when targeted support is most effective. Outline a planning process for calibrating such measures in a cyclical economy, including indicators for timing, scope, and exit strategies.