Cross-Cultural End-of-Life Planning

Analyze how end-of-life planning among foreign residents is influenced by cultural beliefs, family roles, healthcare systems, and legal frameworks. Compare autonomy, palliative-care preferences, spiritual practices, and memorial rituals across communities. Propose a cross-cultural care model for providers that includes multilingual advance directives, culturally sensitive communication, and community support networks to ensure respectful, equitable options. Offer policy recommendations for health systems, social services, and families to align expectations, protect dignity, and support diverse values across generations.