Competing Without Nvidia

Explain the main strategies a late-arriving chipmaker can use to challenge a dominant graphics and AI hardware leader. Focus on product architecture, interconnect design, software compatibility, developer tooling, pricing, manufacturing constraints, and ecosystem partnerships. Then compare three possible paths: matching the incumbent head-on, specializing for specific workloads, or redesigning the system around a different computing paradigm. Finish by identifying which path is most defensible and why.