AI megaprojects and industrial policy

Evaluate the logic of national megaprojects in AI, chips, data centers, and related infrastructure. What conditions make large-scale industrial policy effective, and when does it become subsidy chasing? Address ecosystem effects, regional development, energy and land constraints, cluster economics, and the risk of overbuilding for a technology cycle that may cool. End by outlining how to measure whether a megaproject is producing spillovers beyond a few anchor firms.