Innovation From Lab to Market

Map the pathway from basic research to national competitiveness in fields such as AI, chips, and biomedical science. How do universities, public research institutes, private firms, and awards influence the flow of talent and ideas? Compare strategies for building a strong innovation ecosystem, including international collaboration, research funding, commercialization, and talent retention. End by outlining what policymakers should do to convert scientific breakthroughs into economic and social value.