Stabilizing Power Grids

Act as an energy analyst. Compare the main tools used to stabilize an electricity grid with growing renewable generation, including batteries, reservoirs, flexible demand, interconnections, and real-time forecasting. Explain the strengths and limits of each approach, and outline how a utility can decide which mix of tools to deploy across short-term balancing, seasonal reliability, and long-term decarbonization. Finish by proposing a practical framework for evaluating grid flexibility investments.